Offline Security: Protecting Assets at the Hardware Level
Ledger devices store crypto private keys in a Secure Element (SE)—a tamper-resistant chip (similar to those in credit cards) that never connects to the internet. When users sign transactions, the private key never leaves the SE: the device generates, signs, and verifies transactions offline, then sends only the signed result to connected apps (e.g., Ledger Live). This "air-gapped" design eliminates exposure to online threats like hacking or malware, ensuring keys stay isolated and secure.