How It Works
1. Offline Security: Protecting Assets at the Hardware Level
Ledger devices store crypto private keys in a Secure Element (SE)—a tamper-resistant chip (similar to those in credit cards) that never connects to the internet. When users sign transactions, the private key never leaves the SE: the device generates, signs, and verifies transactions offline, then sends only the signed result to connected apps (e.g., Ledger Live). This "air-gapped" design eliminates exposure to online threats like hacking or malware, ensuring keys stay isolated and secure.
2. Dual-Layer Control: User-Centric Access & Verification
Every Ledger device requires physical confirmation to approve actions (e.g., signing transactions, adding accounts). Users set a unique PIN (to unlock the device) and receive a 24-word recovery phrase (generated offline during setup) to restore access if the device is lost/stolen. Even if a connected phone/computer is compromised, attackers can’t complete transactions without the device’s physical PIN or manual button press—putting full control of assets in the user’s hands.
3. Seamless Integration: Connecting Hardware to Digital Tools
Ledger works with its companion app Ledger Live (desktop/mobile) and 1000+ third-party platforms (e.g., MetaMask, Coinbase Wallet). The device connects via USB (Nano S Plus) or Bluetooth (Nano X/Stax) to sync balances, manage portfolios, and initiate transactions—but all sensitive operations (signing) still happen on the hardware. This bridge lets users access intuitive digital interfaces while keeping the critical security layer offline, balancing convenience with protection.